Spray Drying Process: Its Method, Uses, And Scope!!

Spray drying is basically a dehydration method that pharmaceuticals and food industries use for drying some of the liquid products into a completely dry state. Unlike other drying methods that form particles which further require grinding and sizing, a spray drying method easily makes free-flowing particles with narrow size distributions. It is mainly used in the manufacturing of products that are very sensitive to changes in temperature including some of the food materials and various pharmaceutical items.

The process of spray drying

The process of spray drying starts with the process of atomization where a nozzle transforms the liquid into droplets. This process also includes a quick drying of liquid materials by the usage of hot gases. These dryer’s nozzle work to distribute the liquid into regulated and even amounts. They further turn liquid substance into dry powders and the swiftness of the entire method offers various advantages to companies as compared to techniques including freeze and other types of drying.

Benefits of spray drying

1.    Spray drying process has adaptability and speed:

Spray drying method’s ability to complete the drying process within seconds is a major advantage over other industrial drying techniques which are slow and are also expensive. In the food industry specifically, fast drying plays an important role in ensuring a minimum loss. The process of spray drying, on the other hand, is adaptable to a huge range of industries and their product feedstock.

2.    The process has quality control:

Spray drying process creates powders of even particle size and overall quality. Being able to control the parameters makes the spray drying process more desirable and reliable for industries like pharmaceuticals, where the absorption of drugs mainly depends on its particle size.

3.    The method is cost-effective:

The entire spray drying method is reasonable and inexpensive. Unlike other drying methods, spray drying is much easier and is relatively cost-effective. One of the reasons why this method is being utilized so rapidly is because of its inexpensive and cost-effective nature.

So, these are some of the benefits that industries gain by utilizing spray drying methods for their products. However, to ensure that the method takes place smoothly and without any issue, it is important to use high-quality spray dryers. Top quality spray dryers are more likely to give excellent and fast results as compared to dryers which are not that good in quality. Therefore, it is crucial to use only good machines for drying the products in order to get excellent and accurate results.

The scope of spray drying

The spray drying method has been used for generating powdered items from fluid feed streams primarily with the use of motor-driven machines from a long time and since then; this process has become very famous particularly in food and pharmaceutical industries. Besides, with the above-given advantages, you can make out the importance of spray drying and its uses in several major industries.

How To Choose The Nozzle For Industry Use

From the high flow nozzles used for aerospace to the low pressures nozzles that are widely used in pharmaceutical industry, there are many different types of nozzles available in the market. Also, nozzles can be custom built according to some specific requirements. The type of nozzle is very crucial to the result you desire to yield. So it becomes inevitable to choose the right. Here is in this blog I will try to shed light on various aspects of the nozzles including spray pattern – a kind of nozzle testing in which the pattern of nozzle and other vitally important things are examined.

Before I talk about other vital considerations that you should make when it comes to choosing a nozzle for industrial use, let me take a look at the spray pattern – the method used for nozzle pattern testing.

What it is spray patternation testing?

Patternation testing is a method used for examining the pattern of a spray nozzle. The SETScan optical patternator is used for nozzle testing. A nozzle of any size can be tested. And there is a certain technique used to test the nozzle of a fixed size. Take for example, OP – 600 Model that is used to test a spray with diameter of 7 inches.

Spray pattern is also used for spraying frequency, nozzle pressure, spraying fluid. Check below the kinds of details this testing method provides you:

·         Cone angle

·         Presence of streaks and voids from color-coded contour maps of the spray cross-section

·         Local surface area of drops per unit volume

·         Asymmetry ratio

·         Patternator number

So when you want to get a nozzle used in a spray for painting, then you should make sure the nozzle you want to buy pattern tested. And it has been found ok for the kind of work you want to do with that.

There are various kinds of industrial nozzles. And each is built to do a certain work. You should choose a nozzle keeping in mind what you want to do. For example, if you need a nozzle for the machines used for pressure cleaning, you need high pressure nozzles that can allow you to throw water with high pressure.

High pressure nozzles are widely used for automated cleaning systems that have made cleaning a piece of cake. The most common nozzles are simple pressure nozzles, air assisted nozzles, impact nozzles, etc. So when you need to buy a spray nozzle, make sure the nozzle is spray pattern tested, and has the pressure you required. And the most importantly, it fits your budget.

Are You Searching for the Spray Dryer? Get to Know Everything about Spray Drying

A spray dryer  can  be  a  piece of industrial tools for quickly taking away dampness from a  liquid to supply a reliable in powder type. The first liquid can either be an answer  ( a dissolved strong)  or  an insoluble reliable in suspension within the  liquid - often named a  slurry. Frequent spray dried  items consist of instant coffee, dairy powder, paint powder, egg powders, resins, and   detergents. It is used in common in foods processing as well as the pharmaceutical industry.

In their fundamental form, spray dryer undertakes the whole approach from accepting liquid feed at one finish and packing into sacks or other containers with the other finish prepared for transportation. Typically on more substantial plants, different processes are added both up and downstream to moderate the processing fees around achievable.

A typical case in point will be for goods this kind of as milk, wherever it's frequently economically prudent to place evaporation systems into the feed technique to elevate the feed solids up to feasible. Spray drying programs can be found in many different sizes and shapes can look remarkably different but they all work in basically the same way.

Spray drying can be an evaporation procedure as well as the most common strategy for producing powder especially for warmth vulnerable supplies. Fundamentally a spray dryer consists of a huge chamber through which extraordinarily very hot air (or a various gas) is passed by way of, a feed pump and an atomizer.

The resulting powder reliable is more often than not collected in a drum of the cyclone. A nozzle is more often than not used to generate the droplets as small as possible, maximizing heat transfer and also the fee of drinking water vaporization.

Droplet measurements can range from 20 to 180 micrometers depending on the nozzle. Drying Chambers are of equivalent development to storage silos, huge open up vessels, their volumes becoming decided by the essential warmth exposure time for that feed component getting dried.

The gasoline (usually air) is typically heated by a burner as it is forced into the main chamber. The feed answer is atomized into the chamber to form droplets; on connection with the sizzling air the liquid evaporates leaving a powder. On original connection with the very hot fuel the visible powder particles are scenario hardened, a difficult outer surface area with a molten internal.

Because the particle falls down the size with the chamber connection with the hot air attracts the liquid from the relaxation with the particle. It's usually appealing to retain a little humidity in the powder particle in the finish with the method - recognized in the trade as Residual Moisture. The number of time it takes for the particle to fall the size of the chamber is termed residence time.

Compared to other sorts of drying, a spray dryer can dry a solution exceedingly quickly. Additionally they turn an answer or slurry right into a dried powder within a solitary phase, which can be useful for profit maximization and approach simplification.

What Are The Characteristics Of Spray Characterization?

Spray characterization is used for developing optical diagnostic equipment for the factory floor applications. The equipments prepared are suitable for the measurement of temperatures, gas concentrations, emissivity, and particulate characteristics for both single-phase and double-phase reaction flows. The spray pattern technology is providing reliable and high speed solutions to earn a quick return on investment. The products are measuring spray patterns, angles, drying, and densities to provide high quality results.

The parameters used to characterize a spray are –

Droplet Velocity

Volume Flux

Volume Distribution

Droplet Size

Spray Angles

Droplet Shape

Spray Impact

Rheology Testing

Flow Rate

Operating Pressure

Droplet Impact Force

The parameters are crucial in order to optimize a spray solution. The effectiveness of the nozzle and material can improve the understanding of the characteristics of a spray. Each parameter is critical to the identification of characteristics and they can benefit from an increase, decrease, or optimally tuned setting. The spray characterization service offers access to modern spray characterization instruments, with a range of advantages. The increased number density of droplets is reduced significantly with the use of optical line patternation.

What is the use of spray characterization?

The sprays are used in advanced energy conversion systems and it is characterized by complex physical and chemical processes such as turbulence, droplet formation, droplet collision, droplet evaporation, combustion, and soot generation. The complete characterization can be extremely challenging but necessary for the development of high fuel efficiency and low emission systems.

Typically, a variety of measurement techniques are employed to measure parameters such as spray angle, sheet thickness, droplet size, droplet velocity, and droplet temperatures among others. The spray characterization technique offers a variety of off-the-shelf and customized instruments that operate on the principles of Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI). It helps the simultaneous measurement of the size and velocity of individual spherical droplets and particles in reactive and non-reactive sprays.

The spraying system company offers access to nearly all modern spray characterization instruments, and the staff is available to determine the necessary optimization of a spray application. The optical patternation technique is enabling the clients to earn a quick ROI. The series of combustion focused products provides analysis of the products, measurement of emissions, and analysis of radiation in visible wavelength. Make sure you contact the specialists in the business of optical diagnostics and research for the best results.

Save Your Energy and Time by Using Sprinkler Layout Design With Spray Patterns

So have you finally have given up on hand watering and want an in-ground system? Designing a sprinkler system may be easier than you think.

In this article, you will learn how to develop a simple garden plan and then estimate how much conduit and sprinkler heads you will be required for your project.

Plotting your garden area

First, find some graph paper. If you don't have any you can Google "printable graph paper" and print the example images. Depending on the size of your yard, establish the scale by referring to each square as 2 or more feet.

Next, you will want to measure and draw your house and patio areas. Be sure to include sidewalks and other obstructions like trees and garden borders as well.

Locating your water source

Once you have defined these areas and your garden boundary you will need to locate your water source. For this DIY project, we will be using your outside spigot as the water source. Locate these on your plan with an "X".

Choosing a sprinkler head

Now we will need to decide on what kind of sprinkler head to use. In this tutorial, we have selected Rotors for our project. These are a rotating gear driven heads and are a great choice for large lawn areas.

Creating spray templates

Next, we will create a spray pattern template. Draw 4 circles with a diameter (width of the circle) measuring 40 feet on a separate piece of graph paper. Then cut each circle out with a pair of scissors.

(Note: see our pre-drawn sprinkler templates to skip this step)

Then we need to cut one of the sprays in half and another in quarters for smaller areas. Since our Rotors allow adjustable spray angles we can keep certain areas dry by simply spraying outward.

Tracing your spray patterns

Begin with zones like the edge of house, yards or edge of the road and utilize the half circles. With the shower layouts just follow them utilizing a pencil.

Each shower example should cover no less than 30% to guarantee no territories in your yard or garden will wind up plainly dry. When every single half circle are drawn, fill in centre zones with full splashes and quarter spays where required.

Defining your watering zones

Finally, we need to draw in the conduit and create watering zones. Starting at your spigot, draw a gradual curve from one head to the next, making sure your conduit never overlaps. Be sure to avoid tight turns in your design.

For this tutorial, we will use 3 heads for each zone. By connecting a series of 3 heads together you are establishing one watering zone. Repeat this process to the remaining heads on your plan.

Checking your Psi and Gpm

You will also want to check your Psi and GPM levels. A call to your water company will give you a good idea of how good your water coverage will be.

We hope this tutorial has given you a better understanding of DIY Sprinkler Irrigation Design and Planning. You may have discovered that planning for a sprinkler system is much easier than you had originally thought.

Spray Patternation – The spray pattern is providing an automatic measurement

Patternation is the specialized technical art of performing quantitative measurements of properties within a spray and then the patterns with the spray are visualized. The process is used for nozzle testing. For smaller sprays, OP-200 patternator is used and for bigger ones OP-660 is used. It is the common measurement that is providing maximum output resulting in better resolution. The tests are done in the laboratory and many types of nozzles & injectors are included in the testing. Drop size refers to the size of the individual drops that comprises a nozzle’s spray pattern USA.

Spray patterns are providing a range of liquid drop sizes there are several factors which affect the drop size. It includes liquid properties, nozzle capacity, spray pressure and spray angle. The small drop size is produced for dust suppression between 20 and 200 μm airborne dust particles are required of the same range. A high degree of atomization is used for producing very small drop size and that is achieved by pumping water through nozzles at high pressure. Air atomization is the better choice if compressed air is available and economically feasible.

Information obtained through spray patterns are –

• Patternator number
• Asymmetry ratio
• Local surface area of drops per unit volume
• Cone angle
• Presence of streaks and voids

Here is the detail of some of the characteristics –

Spray Angle: The range gets determined by the spray patterns, the number of nozzles and the nozzle. It is ranging from 0° to 175°.

Operating Pressure: The moisture need defines the operating pressure and flow rate. The nozzle operating should be placed close to the dust source and it is best suited for enclosed areas.

Surface Wetting: The nozzle is used to increase the surface wetting and any impact can also increase surface wetting. The drops are traveling through the turbulent air before they hit the material.

Air atomization is a better choice if compressed air is available and is generally a better choice. They have a large flow passage than hydraulic fine spray nozzles that are reducing clogging. The specific operating conditions determine the nozzle style and spray patterns. It verifies flow rates and drops size at the operating pressures. 

How Does The Usage Of Tomography Scanning Provide Us With Better Tomorrow In Hand?

Computed Tomography Scan, is also known among the people commonly as CT scan. It happens to be a test that is noninvasive and is a production o a combination of a long line of x-ray views that have been taken from a variety of angles to bring out cross-sectional snapshots of the soft tissues and bones inside the human body.

If out in comparison to the regular x-ray examinations, the x-ray tomography of the organs inside like tissues, bones, and blood brings out an extensive detailed data of the same. Doctors are there to perform supplementary visualization of the cross-sectional snapshots to transform them into 3D images.

This method has caught up like fire among the people who are dealing predominantly with the cases where there are internal injuries from accidents from vehicles or if there is some other kind of trauma. By the use of contrast, doctors can easily check the blockages or if by any chance there are other problems at hand to be dealt with in your blood vessels. This also is an apt way to visualize the brain.

Computed x-ray Tomography Scan is given in recommendation by the doctors to help in the following ways;

• It will help in diagnosing the disorders of the muscles and bones, say for example fractures

• It will help in detecting if there is any internal injury or internal bleeding

• It will also help in finding the location of a tumor, infection or blood clot in the human body

• It will help in detecting and screening diseases like cancer or heart disease

• It will also help in proving to be an excellent guide in procedures like surgeries, biopsies and radiation therapies

The work capacity of CT scan is, especially like other x-ray assessments. X- Rays are coordinated by the body. This x- ray gets ingested in shifting degrees, contingent on the body part being analyzed. In a customary x-ray exam, the little burst of radiation going through the exam is recorded as a picture on photographic film or an uncommon picture recording plate.

In the event of CT scan, a variety of x-ray shafts and an arrangement of electronic x-ray indicators pivot around you for estimating the measure of radiation being retained all through your body. The examination table travels through the scanner with the goal that the x-ray bar can take after a winding way. The picture cuts received by this strategy are reassembled by PC programming, with the goal that a point by point multidimensional perspective of the body's inside can be acquired.

An x-ray tomography machine has proven to be a boon for the medical industry in significantly making the process of detecting a problem in the patient far easier than it earlier was and hence has also augmented the easy process of doctors providing the solution to the detected problem for the further benefit of the patients’ wellbeing.

Simulation of x-ray tomography

X-ray tomography is a process of reconstructing the internal structure of a physical body using X-ray images of the body taken from different dimensions. Mathematically, the problem is to recover a non- negative function f(x) form a collection of line integrals of function ‘f’. This technique helps obtain digital information on their 3-D geometries and properties. The earliest clinical tomography scanner had an X-ray source and a single detector. Now computed tomography uses ionizing x-ray to generate images by emitting a-rays from a fan-beam source that rotates around the patient.

After passing through the physical body, the beam is incident on a ring of x-ray detectors, which register a value for the degree of attenuation of the X-ray beam. The values reflect the density of the tissue in tiny volumes of space within the physical body known as voxels. Computational models are applied to assign a gray scale to the individual voxels to make up the 2D cross-sectional image. Once the process is done, the data set may also be constructed into 3-D computer generated the model, in which colors can be applied to represent tissues.

Tomography imaging consists of directing X-rays at an object from multiple orientations and measuring the decrease in the intensity of a series of linear paths.

The uses of X-ray tomography in Clinical Practice:

• It produces high-resolution 2D and 3D images and provides rapid evaluation of bone and soft tissue.
• It provides an excellent 3D assessment of bone in the setting of trauma and can be utilized to assess fracture with metallic fixation hardware in situ.
• Reconnaissance imaging of samples for optimal geochemical exploitation like locating crystal central sections, spiral axes, etc.
• As an alternative to MRI, X-ray tomography can be combined with arthrography to assess intra-articular derangement of joints.

Before you initiate the process, the preparation necessary for CT scanning is to ensure that the object fits inside the field of view and that does not move during the scan. Later the data is collected in the form of a sequence of image files which can be visualized and analyzed using a wide variety of 2D and 3D based image processing tools. The two standard modes of 3D visualization are volume rendering and isosurfacing. 

X-ray tomography is used in wide variety of domain like archaeology, Biomedical, spray nozzle, small electronic components, foods, etc. Due to its multi scalable applicability, it is widely used diesel nozzle internal microstructure. To own an X-ray tomography in USA you need to find the best manufacturer. These devices are complex and readily require a hefty investment. There are different types of such machine is available and as the manufacturer vary, you can easily see the variation in the gray level value. So, it is better to own reputed brand x-ray machine because even a slightest of variation in the data set can cause the extremely awkward result. In medical science, you cannot take such risk at all.

Everything about CT Scans Machine and Its Working

CT scans machine also known as computed tomography machine, is a result of X-ray tomography. The machine allows the user to look inside the object without cutting or opening it. The machine combines numerous X-ray scans that taken from different angles and produces a homographic image. 

After collecting two-dimensional radiographic images, it further proceeds with generating a three-dimensional virtual image of the object that can be seen and inspected on a computer.

X-ray CT is commonly and widely used in medical imaging. These cross-sectional images are used in medical institutions for the purpose of diagnosing.  

Working of X-ray tomography instrument

An X-ray source, detectors to measure X-ray intensity from multiple beam paths and a rotational geometry to capture the image are the major elements of X-ray tomography. Different configurations can be optimized according to the composition and size of the imagine objects.

Tomography can also be performed with the help of a synchrotron or gamma-ray emitter but X-ray tubes are used in majority of CT systems. Peak X-ray energy and the target material are major characteristics of tube. Current determines X-ray intensity that impacts and spatial resolution is impacted by the focal spot size.

Usually to get better image resolution it uses smaller detectors, but because of the reduced area as it small, count rates also get reduced. Now, to reduce noise level it uses longer acquisition to compensate with count rates. Sodium metatungstate, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide are common materials for scintillation.

Strengths of X-ray tomography: The image that comes in result is completely non-destructive 3 dimensional image. There is no requirement of any sample preparation. Reconstruction is easy due to attenuation conservation and the sub-voxel levels can be extracted.

Limitations of X-ray tomography: To capture high resolution image the objects should be smaller. Resolution capacity is limited to 1000-2000x cross section diameter of an object. Limiting the resolution may cause blurry spots on the boundaries of the object. Polychromatic X-rays may complicate the determination of gray levels. Low-energy X-rays cannot penetrate large geological specimens. Beam hardening can cause interpretation and complicated data acquisition. Computers with giant data storage capacity are needed in order to obtain large data volumes and their visualization as well as analysis.

Although, the machine is widely used in medical hospitality sector and got a very essential place and value in diagnosing the majority of health issues and problems in human body.

Things to Remember While Buying Spectrometer

A high-speed spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to split the incoming light into an array of different color called as spectrum it is developed with the motive of research in astronomy, physics, and chemistry. They’re highly practiced in astronomy to analyze the chemical composition of the stars and planets. Nowadays, the spectrometer is used to separate atoms, molecules, mass, and particles. They open up the door for research and study of lights and particles. 

 In the spectrometer, the light enters through the inlet port where it passes through a collection of collimating before they undergo dispersion. These dispersed light arrays are later focused onto a photodiode array that converts the radiation into voltages. After calibration the software analyses and calculates the relative intensity corresponding to the voltage of each pixel and plots it against the corresponding wavelength falling on each pixel. Later the absolute value of radiation intensities is recorded by the detector.

The spectrometer has 4 varieties namely optical spectrometer, mass spectrometer, time-of-flight spectrometer and magnetic spectrometer. Above all, an optical spectrometer is highly used. The high-speed spectrometer has no moving components and has high spectral acquisition speed. It is fully aligned and calibrated to provide absolute radiometric intensities. With wide spectral range 0.3 to 1.1 microns. While choosing the spectrometer, you need to remember few things like its company’s track records, the services, and robustness of the device. Since it deals with high intensity of light the mirrors used inside the spectrometer should be dustproof and should be aligned properly for narrowing the beam of light.

With huge applications in industrial as well as scientific research purpose, the spectrometer is widely used in combustion research, soot radiation measurements, laser monitoring, etc. In addition, the spectrometer you’re buying must be rigid in structure and encased to free from the uncertain collision. Ensure, if the result it is reflecting is matching the expected value or not. There are times when misaligned components inside spectrometer give an inappropriate final result which ultimately costs you very much. Even the slightest variation in the frequency and wavelength falsify the radiation intensity.

All reputed company keeps the vital things in mind while manufacturing the spectrometer. They testify before actually launching the device. You can research on the internet for collecting more information about the company and its product. Manufacturing the spectrometer constitutes several steps and each step has its own role in bringing the device come into existence. Keep in mind that if you buying the device for industrial purpose, your employee must have the complete knowledge of using the device and should follow all guidelines to detect the value of radiation intensity. In the USA, the spectrometer demand is high due to higher scientific and research work. Due to its demand, it is easily accessible on an online marketplace. Don’t buy the spectrometer from any unauthorized dealer, asks the company to provide their authentication and valid license to sell such instrument.

Spray Drift and Drop Size Characterization

Agricultural formulations require precise droplet size and spray drift potential. The classification of the droplet size straightly defines the characterization of the agricultural pesticide, herbicide, etc which affects the crops and even the other living being around it if not spray down properly. Reputed companies are now focusing on manufacture spray nozzle and buffer zones of appropriate sizes. Generally, companies follow special rules and follow up to manufacture the equipment in an appropriate way.

All big companies in this market have their unique recipe to deal with characterizing synthetic liquid and biologically active ingredient mixture. In the USA, the environmental protection agency protocols are very much strict. Companies working in agricultural formulations need to obey such protocols. Such protocol governs the droplet size particle spray characterization. The droplet size of the formulation is crafted during designing state and often undergoes several levels of testing to ensure accurate spray characterization.

There are many parameters that can be used to characterize a spray like a droplet size, volume flux, spray angle, flow rate, operating pressure, etc. Many of these are highly critical in order to optimize a spray solution. The effectiveness of the nozzle and other sorts of material to be sprayed is greatly improved by complete acknowledge of the characteristic of the spray. Spray drift is dependent upon drop size characterization. Agricultural formulation once sprayed may diffuse to off-target location due to spray drift as well as runoff from the plants and soil. This has a severe effect on human health and environmental damage. Herbicide volatilization is one of the cases that are highly affected due to spray drift it happens due to evaporation of volatile herbicide and generally loses its intended target.

The impact of the spray drift is highly catastrophic to lives and environment. The farmers and kids playing around are the more targeted victim while wildlife and natural habitat are affected due to wind movement and soil contamination. To defend such calamity USDA and EPA are working together to make use of appropriate technology and chemical processes such as turbulence, droplet formation, droplet evaporation and soot generation by the companies. Typically, a variety of measurement techniques are employed to calculate parameters laid spray angle, spray thickness, droplet velocity, etc. Many companies operate on the principle of phase Doppler interferometry for measuring the size of the drop.

If you are unaware of the causes and proper measure spray drift, you would simply be giving rise to a cage for yourself and putting your life at stake. Research the market well and testify the spray nozzle before experimenting spray characterization. It is advisable to purchase only appropriate size spraying hydraulic nozzle. Keeping the EPA guideline in mind, companies are now more attentive in producing unified equipment for safer and healthy environment. Don’t invest money in local agricultural equipment. However, safety is in your hand don’t compromise with it. Remember you are also playing an important role in habitat so as rest of the being.